Portal de tradução para tradutores » terminologia.com.br » Idiomas http://www.terminologia.com.br Site para o tradutor profissional, o estudante de tradução e lingüístas Sat, 24 Jul 2010 13:47:07 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=9076 en hourly 1 Hablando con los hermanitos http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/24/portunhol-portunol/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/24/portunhol-portunol/#comments Sat, 24 Jul 2010 08:56:08 +0000 Mauricio A. Carneiro http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=457 A maioria acha ridículo, alguns acham útil, outros são indiferentes, mas o ex-ministro da cultura Gilberto Gil o defende. O portuñol (ou portunhol), aquela mistura de português e espanhol de gosto e utilidade duvidosos, está na boca do povo ou, pelo menos, na boca do mar de turistas que decide passar o final de semana em Buenos Aires ou Santiago.

O quebra-galho lingüístico está ficando tão famoso que ganhou sites na Internet e até artigo de revista. Há um número absurdamente grande de blogs que o ‘cultuam’, difundindo o seu uso entre suas comunidades. De tão popular que ficou, já ganhou até um ‘lo dia internacional de hablarse portuñol’. Puede?

Para dar un poquito de rissadas, beja también lo bideo comercial de Personal:

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/24/portunhol-portunol/feed/ 0 Fulfill or fulfil? http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/18/fulfill-or-fulfil/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/18/fulfill-or-fulfil/#comments Sun, 18 Jul 2010 04:31:59 +0000 Carlos Floriano Neto http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=141 Do you know the difference between them?

According to The American Heritage Dictionary there is no difference between them, either in their spelling or meaning. WordReference.com, however, says that fulfill is more commonly used in the US, while fulfil is chiefly British.

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/18/fulfill-or-fulfil/feed/ 1 The Plain English Campaign http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/11/the-plain-english-campaign/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/11/the-plain-english-campaign/#comments Sun, 11 Jul 2010 03:04:29 +0000 Equipe terminologia http://terminologia.com.br/blog/?p=19 Created in the UK in 1979, the Plain English Campaign has been fighting for crystal-clear writing ever since.

Quoting Prime Minister Tony Blair “The Plain English Campaign has played a major role in improving the way public bodies communicate with citizens. However, there is still plenty of room for improvement – not least from politicians – so the campaign’s work is far from over.”

If we translators receive clearer texts, we will no longer have a hard time figuring out misleading texts, which usually and painstakingly lead us to produce inaccurate translations.

Those of you who have a hard time with jargon, suffer no more!

The Plain English Campaign website offers you a number of examples and free guides for plain, crystal-clear writing.

Check that out!

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/07/11/the-plain-english-campaign/feed/ 0 Acrônimos de terminologia médica http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/15/acronimos-de-terminologia-medica/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/15/acronimos-de-terminologia-medica/#comments Sat, 15 May 2010 13:25:15 +0000 Equipe terminologia http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=94 Acronym Meaning A/G Albumin/Globulin Ratio A&O Alert & Oriented AAA Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAD Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea AAO Alert, Awake, And Oriented AAS Acute Abdominal Series ABD Abdomen ABG Arterial Blood Gas AC Before Eating ACLS Advanced Cardiac Life Support ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ad lib As Much As Needed ADH Anti-Diuretic Hormone ADR Adverse Drug Reaction. | Acute Dystonic Reaction AED Antiepileptic Drug AF Atrial Fibrillation Or Afebrile AFB Acid-Fast Bacilli AFP Alpha-Fetoprotein AI Aortic Insufficiency AKA Above The Knee Amputation ALD Alcoholic Liver Disease ALL Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Amb Ambulate AML Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ANA Antinuclear Antibody ANS Autonomic Nervous System AOB Alcohol On Breath AODM Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus AP Anteroposterior Or Abdominal – Perineal ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARF Acute Renal Failure AS Aortic Stenosis ASAP As Soon As Possible ASCVD Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ASD Atrial Septal Defect ASHD Atherosclerotic Heart Disease AV Atrioventricular A-V Arteriovenous BBB Bundle Branch Block BCAA Branched Chain Amino Acids BE Barium Enema BEE Basal Energy Expenditure bid Twice A Day BKA Below The Knee Amputation BM Bone Marrow Or Bowel Movement BMR Basal Metabolic Rate BOM Bilateral Otitis Media BP Blood Pressure BPH Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy BPM Beats Per Minute BRBPR Bright Red Blood Per Rectum BRP Bathroom Privileges BS Bowel Or Breath Sounds BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen BW Body Weight BX Biopsy c With C/O Complaining Of CA Cancer Ca Calcium CAA Crystalline Amino Acids CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft CAD Coronary Artery Disease CAT Computerized Axial Tomography CBC Complete Blood Count CBG Capillary Blood Gas CC Chief Complaint CCU Clean Catch Urine Or Cardiac Care Unit CCV Critical Closing Volume CF Cystic Fibrosis CGL Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia CHF Congestive Heart Failure CHO Carbohydrate CI Cardiac Index CML Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia CMV Cytomegalovirus CN Cranial Nerves CNS Central Nervous System CO Cardiac Output COLD Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CP Chest Pain Or Cerebral Palsy CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure CPK Creatine Phosphokinase CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CRCL Creatinine Clearance CRF Chronic Renal Failure CRP C-Reactive Protein CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid CT Computerized Tomography CVA Cerebrovascular Accident Or Costovertebral Angle CVAT Cva Tenderness CVP Central Venous Pressure CXR Chest X-Ray D&C Dilation And Curettage D5W 5% Dextrose In Water DAT Diet As Tolerated DAW Dispense As Written DC Discontinue Or Discharge DDx Differential Diagnosis DI Diabetes Insipidus DIC Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy DIP Distal Interphalangeal Joint DJD Degenerative Joint Disease DKA Diabetic Ketoacidosis dL Deciliter DM Diabetes Mellitus DNR Do Not Resuscitate DOA Dead On Arrival DOE Dyspnea On Exertion DPL Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage DPT Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus DTR Deep Tendon Reflexes DVT Deep Venous Thrombosis DX Diagnosis EAA Essential Amino Acids EBL Estimated Blood Loss ECG Electrocardiogram ECT Electroconvulsive Therapy EFAD Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency EMG Electromyogram EMV Eyes, Motor, Verbal Response (Glasgow Coma Scale) ENT Ears, Nose, And Throat EOM Extraocular Muscles ERCP Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio -Pancreatography ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ET Endotracheal ETOH Ethanol ETT Endotracheal Tube EUA Examination Under Anesthesia FBS Fasting Blood Sugar FEV Forced Expiratory Volume FFP Fresh Frozen Plasma FRC Functional Residual Capacity FTT Failure To Thrive FU Follow-Up FUO Fever Of Unknown Origin FVC Forced Vital Capacity Fx Fracture GC Gonorrhea GETT General By Endotracheal Tube GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate GI Gastrointestinal GTT Glucose Tolerance Test GU Genitourinary H/H Henderson- Hasselbach Equation Or Hemoglobin/ Hematocrit HA Headache HAA Hepatitis B Surface Antigen HAV Hepatitis A Virus HBP High Blood Pressure HCG Human Chorionic Gonadotropin HCT Hematocrit HDL High Density Lipoprotein HEENT Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat Hgb Hemoglobin HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HJR Hepatojugular Reflex HLA Histocompatibility Locus Antigen HO History Of HOB Head Of Bed HPF High Power Field HPI History Of Present Illness HR Heart Rate HS At Bedtime HSM Hepatosplenomegaly HSV Herpes Simplex Virus HTN Hypertension Hx History I&O Intake And Output ICS Intercostal Space ICU Intensive Care Unit IDDM Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus IG Immunoglobulin IHSS Idiopathic Hypertropic Subaortic Stenosis IM Intramuscular IMV Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation INF Intravenous Nutritional Fluid IPPB Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing IRBBB Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block IRDM Insulin Resistant Diabetes Mellitus IT Interthecal ITP Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura IV Intravenous IVC Intravenous Cholangiogram | Inferior Vena Cava IVP Intravenous Pyelogram JODM Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus JVD Jugular Venous Distention KOR Keep Open Rate KUB Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder KVO Keep Vein Open L Left LAD Left Axis Deviation Or Left Anterior Descending LAE Left Atrial Enlargement LAHB Left Anterior Hemiblock LAP Left Atrial Pressure Or Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase LBBB Left Bundle Branch Block LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase LE Lupus Erythematosus LIH Left Inguinal Hernia LLL Left Lower Lobe LMP Last Menstrual Period LNMP Last Normal Menstrual Period LOC Loss Of Consciousness Or Level Of Consciousness LP Lumbar Puncture LPN Licensed Practical Nurse LUL Left Upper Lobe LUQ Left Upper Quadrant LV Left Ventricle LVEDP Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure LVH Left Ventricular Hypertrophy MAO Monoamine Oxidase MAP Mean Arterial Pressure MAST Medical Antishock Trousers MBT Maternal Blood Type MCH Mean Cell Hemoglobin MCHC Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration MCV Mean Cell Volume MI Myocardial Infarction Or Mitral Insufficiency mL Milliliter MLE Midline Episiotomy MMEF Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow mmol Millimole MMR Measles, Mumps, Rubella MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRSA Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus MS Multiple Sclerosis Or Mitral Stenosis, Or Morphine Sulfate MSSA Methicillin-Sensitive Staph Aureus MVA Motor Vehicle Accident MVI Multivitamin Injection MVV Maximum Voluntary Ventilation NAD No Active Disease NAS No Added Salt NCV Nerve Conduction Velocity NED No Evidence Of Recurrent Disease ng Nanogram NG Nasogastric NIDDM Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus NKA No Known Allergies NKDA No Known Drug Allergies NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NPO Nothing By Mouth NRM No Regular Medications NSAID Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs NSR Normal Sinus Rhythm NT Nasotracheal OB Obstetrics OCG Oral Cholecystogram OD Overdose Or Right Eye OM Otitis Media OOB Out Of Bed OPV Oral Polio Vaccine OR Operating Room OS Left Eye OU Both Eyes P Para P&PD Percussion And Postural Drainage PA Posteroanterior PAC Premature Atrial Contraction PAO2 Alveolar Oxygen PaO2 Peripheral Arterial Oxygen Content PAP Pulmonary Artery Pressure PAT Paroxysymal Atrial Tachycardia PC After Eating PCWP Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure PDA Patent Ductus Arteriosus PDR Physicians Desk Reference PE Pulmonary Embolus, Or Physical Exam Or Pleural Effusion PEEP Positive End Expiratory Pressure PFT Pulmonary Function Tests pg Picogram PI Pulmonic Insufficiency Disease PKU Phenylketonuria PMH Previous Medical History PMI Point Of Maximal Impulse PMN Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte (Neutrophil) PND Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea PO By Mouth POD Post-Op Day PP Postprandial Or Pulsus Paradoxus PPD Purified Protein Derivative PR By Rectum PRBC Packed Red Blood Cells PRN As Needed PS Pulmonic Stenosis PT Prothrombin Time, Or Physical Therapy Pt Patient PTCA Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty PTH Parathyroid Hormone PTHC Percutanous Transhepatic Cholangiogram PTT Partial Thromboplastin Time PUD Peptic Ulcer Disease PVC Premature Ventricular Contraction PVD Peripheral Vascular Disease q Every (E.G. Q6H = Every 6 Hours) q4h, q6h…. Every 4 Hours, Every 6 Hours Etc. qd Every Day qh Every Hour qid Four Times A Day QNS Quantity Not Sufficient qod Every Other Day Qs/Qt Shunt Fraction Qt Total Cardiac Output R Right R/O Rule Out RA Rheumatoid Arthritis Or Right Atrium RAD Right Atrial Axis Deviation RAE Right Atrial Enlargement RAP Right Atrial Pressure RBBB Right Bundle Branch Block RBC Red Blood Cell RBP Retinol-Binding Protein RDA Recommended Daily Allowance RDW Red Cell Distribution Width RIA Radioimmunoassay RIH Right Inguinal Hernia RLL Right Lower Lobe RLQ Right Lower Quadrant RML Right Middle Lobe RNA Ribonucleic Acid ROM Range Of Motion ROS Review Of Systems RPG Retrograde Pyelogram RRR Regular Rate And Rhythm RT Respiratory Or Radiation Therapy RTA Renal Tubular Acidosis RTC Return To Clinic RU Resin Uptake RUG Retrograde Urethogram RUL Right Upper Lobe RUQ Right Upper Quadrant RV Residual Volume RVH Right Ventricular Hyperthrophy Rx Treatment s Without | Ss = One-Half S&E Sugar And Acetone SA Sinoatrial SAA Synthetic Amino Acid SBE Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis SBFT Small Bowel Follow Through SBS Short Bowel Syndrome SCr Serum Creatinine SEM Systolic Ejection Murmur SG Swan-Ganz SGA Small For Gestational Age SGGT Serum Gamma- Glutamyl Transpeptidase SGOT Serum Glutamic- Oxaloacetic Transaminase SGPT Serum Glutamic- Pyruvic Transaminase SIADH Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Sig Write On Label SIMV Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Sl Sublingual SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematous SMO Slips Made Out SOAP Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan SOB Shortness Of Breath SQ Subcutaneous STAT Immediately SVD Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery Sx Symptoms T&C Type And Cross T&H Type And Hold TAH Total Abdominal Hysterectomy TB Tuberculosis TBG Total Binding Globulin Td Tetanus-Diphtheria Toxoid TIA Transient Ischemic Attack TIBC Total Iron Binding Capacity Tid Three Times A Day TIG Tetanus Immune Globulin TKO To Keep Open TLC Total Lung Capacity TMJ Temporo Mandibular Joint TNTC Too Numerous To Count TO Telephone Order TOPV Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine TPN Total Parenteral Nutrition TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TT Thrombin Time TTP Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura TU Tuberculin Units TUR Transurethral Resection TURBT Tur Bladder Tumors TURP Transurethral Resection Of Prostate TV Tidal Volume TVH Total Vaginal Hysterectomy tw Twice A Week Tx Treatment, Transplant UA Urinalysis UAC Uric Acid | Umbilical Artery Catheter UAO Upper Airway Obstruction UBD Universal Blood Donor UC Ulcerative Colitis | Umbilical Cord ud As Directed UFH Unfractionated Heparin UGI Upper Gastrointestinal URI Upper Respiratory Infection URQ Upper Right Quadrant US Ultrasound UTI Urinary Tract Infection UUN Urinary Urea Nitrogen UVA Ultraviolet A Light V/Q Ventilation – Perfusion VAD Venous Access Device VC Vital Capacity VCT Venous Clotting Time VCUG Voiding Cysourethrogram VDRL Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (Test For Syphilis) VMA Vanillymadelic Acid VO Verbal Or Voice Order VRE Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus VSS Vital Signs Stable VT Ventricular Tachycardia VV Varicose Veins VW Vessel Wall VWD Von Willebrand’S Disease VZV Varicella Zoster Virus WB Whole Blood WBC White Blood Cell Or Count WBR Whole Body Radiation WD Well Developed WF White Female WIA Wounded In Action WID Widow, Widower WM White Male WN Well Nourished WNL Within Normal Limits WO Written Order | Weeks Old | Wide Open. WOP Without Pain WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White W-T-D Wet To Dry X2d Times 2 Days. XMM Xeromammography XOM Extraocular Movements XS Excessive XULN Times Upper Limit Of Normal YF Yellow Fever YLC Youngest Living Child yo Years Old YOB Year Of Birth yr Year ytd Year To Date ZDV Zidovudine ZE Zollinger-Ellison Zn Zinc ZnO Zinc Oxide ZSB Zero Stools Since Birth

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/15/acronimos-de-terminologia-medica/feed/ 1 A nivel de… http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/08/a-nivel-de-espanol/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/08/a-nivel-de-espanol/#comments Sun, 09 May 2010 00:03:44 +0000 Eloisa Cerdán http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=113 Es una locución de moda, probablemente un anglicismo (on level of). Se abusa de ella hasta el hartazgo. Hoy todo se hace a nivel de alumnos, a nivel de la universidad, etc. Sin embargo, son muchas las formas que podemos usar para sustituirla, veamos:

  • A nivel de aulas estamos escasos = De aulas estamos escasos.
  • La cuestión se tratará a nivel de alumnos = entre los alumnos.
  • El mejor trato está a nivel hospitalario = en los hospitales.
  • A nivel del alumno, la huelga se entiende mejor = desde la posición del alumno la huelga se entiende mejor.
  • Hoy se consigue todo a nivel de influencias = por influencias.

Es importante aclarar que cuando esta locución se emplea con el significado normal de “nivel” o de “altura que una cosa alcanza”, es correcta. Les pongo algunos ejemplos:

  • A nivel de la superficie terrestre.
  • Trataré de llegar al nivel de mis hermanos.
  • Ya estamos a nivel europeo.
  • Ciudades a nivel del mar.

Cuando se añade el artículo a la preposición a (al), ya no hay locución y su uso es correcto: “Estamos muy satisfechos de estar al nivel de los mejores restaurantes”.

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/08/a-nivel-de-espanol/feed/ 0 Respecto X Relación http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/01/respecto-x-relacion/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/01/respecto-x-relacion/#comments Sat, 01 May 2010 13:58:41 +0000 Eloisa Cerdán http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=118 Las locuciones preposicionales equivalen a una preposición y no admiten segmentación sintáctica. Están formadas por una preposición como componente último, además de un sustantivo, adjetivo o adverbio.

EN RELACIÓN A se usa con frecuencia en la lengua culta de América, por lo que no debería censurarse. El Diccionario Académico registra en su lugar “EN RELACIÓN CON” y “CON RELACIÓN A“, ambas frecuentes en España y, sin duda, preferibles, que presentan el sentido de “conexión o correspondencia con algo”.

CON RESPECTO DE es menos frecuente que CON RESPECTO A. De igual manera, ambas locuciones RESPECTO A/ RESPECTO DE son correctas, aunque se considera más culta y menos frecuente la segunda.

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/05/01/respecto-x-relacion/feed/ 0 English spelling reform http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/04/24/english-spelling-reform/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/04/24/english-spelling-reform/#comments Sat, 24 Apr 2010 19:49:51 +0000 Vagner Bandeira http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=479 A lot has been said about the new rules to Portuguese spelling after the approval of the Orthographic Agreement of 1990. Pals, these changes are actually minor compared to those the English language would have go through in case of a spelling reform.

I’ve always cited Ghoti to support the need of a reform, but that has become a piece of cake since I came across ghoughpteighbteau and saw Ed Rondthaler’s bright video called The English Language is Dum, which you must see for yourself.

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/04/24/english-spelling-reform/feed/ 0 Nova versão do vocabulário ortográfico na língua portuguesa http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/02/27/nova-versao-do-vocabulario-ortografico-na-lingua-portuguesa/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/02/27/nova-versao-do-vocabulario-ortografico-na-lingua-portuguesa/#comments Sat, 27 Feb 2010 19:59:13 +0000 Equipe terminologia http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=689 A Academia Brasileira de Letras disponibilizou o sistema de consultas online da nova versão do Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa.

Em sua quinta edição, o Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa conta com 381.000 verbetes, as respectivas classificações gramaticais e outras informações conforme descrito no novo Acordo Ortográfico.

Para acessar o sistema disponível no site da Academia Brasileira de Letras clique aqui.

Caso deseje consultar o encarte disponibilizado com as correções e aditamentos do Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa clique aqui.

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/02/27/nova-versao-do-vocabulario-ortografico-na-lingua-portuguesa/feed/ 0 Mais sobre metáfora com gramaticalização http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/02/21/mais-sobre-metafora-com-gramaticalizacao/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/02/21/mais-sobre-metafora-com-gramaticalizacao/#comments Sun, 21 Feb 2010 03:04:57 +0000 Eloisa Cerdán http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=115 A metáfora pode ser entendida como um processo de transferência semântica, em que usamos uma forma para representar um significado, estritamente relacionado com o significado a que, até então, a forma vinha sendo relacionada.Temos como exemplo: capa do livro, asa do avião, perna da mesa, pé do documento, as costas do livro e, se paramos para pensar, notamos um número considerável de novos termos, formados pelo processo de transferência metafórica.

Segundo esse conceito, a linguagem é essencialmente metafórica, no sentido de que quase nunca se criam novas formas, mas novos significados estão sendo continuamente criados para as formas já disponíveis na língua.

Frases como “matar o tempo”, “murmúrio do mar” e palavras como “pé de pato” e “berço da civilização” representam casos de transferência semântica, pois, novos usos, mais abstratos, são associados aos originais de velhas formas.

Da mesma forma que surge a motivação na nomeação de novos objetos, essa motivação também pode ser perdida. Há muitos processos metafóricos que, com o tempo, perdem o vínculo com a sua natureza.
Por exemplo, a expressão antiga era: “Tinha laranja pra burro“, ou seja, tinha tanta laranja que até sobrava para os burros. A expressão estava vinculada à idéia de alimentação. Atualmente se usa a mesma expressão, mas em contextos diferentes como: “Ele estudou pra burro“, “Estou cansado pra burro“. Podemos identificar que houve uma perda do vínculo de “excesso de alimento” e restou somente a idéia de “excesso”. Essa perda de motivação recebe o nome de gramaticalização.

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]]> http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/02/21/mais-sobre-metafora-com-gramaticalizacao/feed/ 2 Legal abbreviations: e.g. or i.e.? http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/01/31/legal-abbreviations-eg-or-ie/ http://www.terminologia.com.br/2010/01/31/legal-abbreviations-eg-or-ie/#comments Sun, 31 Jan 2010 03:03:27 +0000 Vagner Bandeira http://www.terminologia.com.br/?p=126 It is known that Latin expressions are widely used in legal texts, and in most cases they are left untranslated, i.e., as originally worded in Latin. Some of these expressions include, e.g., a posteriori (from the latter), ab initio (from the beginning), ad hoc (to this), among others. A comprehensive list of Latin phrases including the English translation thereof may be handy for those who are not familiar with Latin expressions and their meanings.

The two Latin abbreviations in bold in the preceding paragraph are not an exception. They appear in almost all legal documents. Both are originated from Latin, but have different meanings, and must NOT be confused. While e.g. means “for example” (from the Latin expression exempli gratia), the abbreviation i.e. means “that is” (from the Latin expression id est).

  • The abbreviation “e.g.” must be used to list a few examples of one thing mentioned: I have the documents, e.g., powers of attorney, affidavits, and assignments, that you requested . A list started with e.g. should not be ended with etc.
  • The abbreviation “i.e.” must be used to give a more precise description of one thing mentioned: The hearing, i.e., the preliminary hearing, is set for tomorrow afternoon.

Use two periods to punctuate e.g. and i.e. in U.S. English. In British English, however, they may be unpunctuated. Punctuated or unpunctuated, they must be surrounded with commas.

Their translations into Portuguese are “por exemplo,” and “, ou seja,”, accordingly.

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